Factors affecting the population fertility level: an evaluation of the factor “difficulties reconciling work and family” in Navarra (Spain)”

Nuria Del Olmo, University of Navarra
Carolina Montoro, University of Navarra
Dolores Lopez, University of Navarra

The Autonomous Community of Navarra (located in the north-east of Spain) is cited as a model to be followed as far as family policy is concerned. The Total Fertility Rate (TFR) have lead to the development of a policy that could be defined as a transition between a “pro-family model” and a “pro-natalist model”, according to the classification made by Gauthier (Gauthier, 1996). The results of these policies are not yet known with regard to the expected increase in the fertility to lessen the gap between this value and the generational replacement level. The data show that fertility index is not solely explained by the female employment level. No significant differences can be observed between the number of children born to working women and the number born to women who do not work. In this context, the present paper analyses the factors affecting the fertility levels of women in Navarra. Firstly, an analysis is made of the impact of work related factors on the fertility level, such as occupational stability, the desire for career advancement and, in particular, the difficulties of reconciling work and family. Secondly, other factors are identified as having an influence on fertility such as: life style (defined by the time factor, commitment factor, the cost of children perception factor and the risk factor), financial situation of the family unit, the influence of the generational family model, the anti-natalist culture and fertility problems, amongst others. The methodology used will be of the qualitative type. The data collection is made through in-depth interviews and discussion groups. The results obtained to date suggest two main factors that influence the number of children had: the difficulties of reconciling work and family, and life style.