The process of adjustment/acculturation of first and second generation of migrants: the case of nomad Qashqaee Turks immigrants in Shiraz-Iran

Amir Mohammad Amiri, Shiraz University, Iran
Ali Ashgar Moghadas, Shiraz University, Iran
Ali Rahimi, Kashan University, Iran

Studies on the adjustment of immigrants played an important role in the sociological, demographic, and psychological literature. With proliferation of migration flow most of societies, face adjustment/ acculturation challenges. In recent years, many of province centers in Iran are confronted with the movement of people from nomadic and rural areas. One of these centers is Shiraz, known as a city which has hosted a lot of nomad immigrants. Briefly the objectives of this study include: 1- Exploring the correlation between the socio-cultural and demographic factors and the adjustment process. 2- To explanation of the adjustment process in terms of the influencing factors. 3- Comparing the adjustment of the first and second generations. The current study emphasizes viewpoints on migration and adjustment deriving from the cross-cultural and acculturation approaches especially Kim (1988) and Berry's theories (1992) and also identity theory. In addition, this research is conducted based on the survey method. The technique that is used in this study for data collection is a self-administrated questionnaire. The population under study in this study consisted of two age groups of immigrants who are settled in Shiraz. Group one is assumed as second generation (age group 15-29 years old) and the other group are assumed as first generation (age group 45-59 years old). Sample size in this study is 292 nomad immigrants. The results of the study indicates that the cultural adjustment/acculturation process is affected by different factors such as language, tolerance of host society, satisfaction, different occupational opportunities, social support, length of residence and finally the degree of orientation toward origin as the most effective factor of cultural adjustment.